Approaching DKA & Euglycemic DKA

This lecture reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emergency management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and euglycemic DKA (EDKA) in dogs and cats. Emphasis is placed on fluid resuscitation, electrolyte monitoring, insulin therapy, and the identification of concurrent disease processes. Special considerations for euglycemic DKA, including risks associated with SGLT2 inhibitors and the need for tailored glucose support, are also discussed.

• 1. ‎Recognize the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for DKA and euglycemic DKA, including key differences in ketone detection and blood glucose levels.
• 2. Implement a stepwise approach to emergency management of DKA, including fluid resuscitation, electrolyte supplementation, and appropriate insulin protocols.
• 3. Understand the pathophysiology of hypokalemia during insulin therapy and how to prevent and manage life-threatening complications related to potassium imbalance.
• 4. Formulate an individualized discharge plan for DKA patients, including transitioning to long-acting insulin, client education, and post-hospitalization monitoring.